India is at an inflection point where economic growth must be matched with technological leadership. The future belongs to nations that create distinctive technologies, not just provide services or commodities. This opens a unique opportunity for India to reimagine its path toward Viksit Bharat by weaving together research, policy and markets into a powerful Triple Helix that fosters resilience, self- reliance and global relevance.
The transition from a “job shop” economy to a hub of innovation is already underway. The India Stack has shown how techno-legal regulation and grassroots innovation can transform an entire sector, enabling the country to contribute over half of global digital transactions despite its modest share in world trade. This model provides a blueprint for the next wave of transformation—one where product companies thrive alongside services and where ecosystems, not isolated firms, become the true measure of success.
The Triple Helix approach is central to this journey. Research institutions bring ideas and breakthroughs policymakers create frameworks that encourage experimentation and protect innovation; and markets provide the capital, confidence and demand needed to scale. When these three strands work in concert, they generate resilient ecosystems capable of competing globally. The success of Bengaluru’s research and technology community demonstrates that this is not just aspiration—it is achievable and replicable.
To realise its full potential, however, India must strengthen the other two strands of the helix. Delhi can move from bureaucratic silos toward empowering technocrats who are equipped to drive moonshot projects and build on India’s strengths in areas like AI, quantum and green technologies. Mumbai, home to the nation’s most profitable corporations, can evolve from being cautious spenders on R&D to active champions of innovation. Even a modest rise in corporate R&D investment to global benchmarks would unleash transformative capacity across sectors and set new standards for private sector leadership.
The constructive path forward lies not in isolationism or dependence on foreign centres but in building strategic value chains at home, encouraging researchers to become entrepreneurs and ensuring that markets reward innovation as much as efficiency. By aligning the energies of its research hubs, policy institutions and corporate powerhouses, India can leapfrog into the league of nations that shape the future of technology.
Bengaluru has already shown what readiness looks like. If Delhi and Mumbai rise to complement it, India will not just avoid the middle-income trap—it will lead the way forward.
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